Impulse

 Impulse

Introduction : When an object is in motion it is having momentum which is given by product of mass and velocity. The momentum specifies the amount of force actually require to bring a body at rest. If the body is moving with large velocity it has large momentum so large force is  required to bring the body at rest and thus change in momentum is obtained. This change in momentum is related to a quantity called as Impulse. In this section we  are going to learn more about Impulse.

Impulse : Impulse is mathematically equal to change in momentum of a body.

We know that when there is an external unbalanced force acting on a system there is a change in the momentum. This change in momentum is equal to Impulse. If unbalanced external force is acting for a finite measurable time, then we can write .

J = F.t ------(A)

SI unit of impulse is N s.

Dimension = [ L¹   M¹    T^-1 ]

If a body moving is with momentum P1 and after measurable time t it come to halt with momentum P2. Then change in momentum gives Impulse.

Mathematically,

J = P2 - P1

where .

J= Impulse 

P1= Initial momentum

P2= Final momentum

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Impulse Momentum Expression

From newton's 2nd law ,

 F= dp/dt

F = P2 - P1

F = m [(v2 -v1)/t]

Ft = m(v2 - v1)

Ft = △P

J = △P    ------(B)

J= Impulse

△P = Change in momentum

Equation (B) gives the equivalence between Impulse and change in momentum.

If the force is not constant then Equation A changes to

J = △P = ∫△P = ∫F . dt

Photo by Jeffrey F Lin on Unsplash

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Real life example of Impulse of a force.

1) When hitting a ball with a bat, The force exerted on the ball is too large which bring change in velocity of the ball and thus change in momentum. This force is called as Impulsive force.

2) When firing a bullet with the gun, on an obstacle. The force exerted on the obstacle  is too large which bring change in velocity of the bullet and thus change in momentum. This force is called as Impulsive force.

3) When driving a nail into the block of wood, The force exerted on the nail is too large which act short very short period of time. This force is called as Impulsive force.

<<<Linear Momentum>>>│<<<Torque>>>

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