Mechanical Properties of fluid
Introduction: Different states of matter posses different mechanical properties. In previous class we have studied mechanical properties of solid. Mechanical properties mainly deals with strength of an object. We have seen various large bridges over the river , ocean, etc, have you wonder how a hydraulic lift is able to lift heavy object ? how an insect is able to move on the surface of the water? the secret behind all this is the strength of the fluid material also known a s mechanical properties of fluid .
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| Photo by Joshua Fuller on Unsplash |
Fluid : Any thing that can flow is called as fluid. Liquid and gases do not posses opposing force. when a force is applied to a fluid, they are unable to oppose the applied force, which results in making the fluid to flow. Eg: Liquid and gases are fluid.
When studying the mechanical properties of fluid, it is difficult to study fluid in motion, so we consider an ideal fluid to understand the behaviour of a fluid.
properties of an ideal fluid:
1) Ideal fluid is incompressible.
2) It is nonviscous : it do not posses internal friction.
3) It's flow is steady : velocity of an ideal fluid is constant at every point.
4) It is irrotational : posses no turbulance in flow.
An ideal fluid do not have any property to oppose shear force like solid. So they do not oppose the applied force and thus flow. This fluid when at rest or in motion applies force on the surface of contact called ass pressure.
Pressure: The perpendicular force applied on a unit area by a fluid is called as pressure.
mathematically,
Pressure = perpendicular force / Area
P = F/A ---(1)
Pressure is a Scalar quantity.
Other unit for measurement of pressure is
1 atm = 1.013 x 105 pa
1 Pascal = 1 N/m2
1 bar =105 N/m2
From equation (A) it is clear that pressure is inversely proportional to area. For eg: If a force of 1N is applied on 1cm2 area, the pressure is found to be 105 N/m2 while on the other side if we apply a force of 10 N on 1m2 area the pressure reduce to 10 N/m2.
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